Certificates of Analysis

HPLC Analysis

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography measures the percentage of the sample that matches the target compound — this is the identity purity figure you see on the CoA.

Mass Spectrometry

Mass Spec confirms the molecular weight and structural identity of the compound, providing a second independent layer of verification beyond HPLC alone.

Labeled vs. Actual Weight

Each CoA reports both the amount stated on the label and the amount measured by the lab. The gap between these numbers is one of the most informative data points in the document.